Bilateral Motion-Scaling System for Microsurgery  

The goal of this project is the development of a force-reflecting teleoperation system for use in microsurgery to scale down hand motions and scale up tissue forces. The system consists of two six-degree-of-freedom magnetically levitated wrists - the UBC joystick, used as a teleoperation master, and a micro-slave - both mounted on a common stator, to be positioned at the surgical site by a coarse-motion stage. The micro-slave is instrumented with a force-torque sensor and a remotely operated micro-gripper for handling tissue. The approach is described in [Salcudean and Yan '94] and [Ku and Salcudean '96].
Experimental results showing stable bilateral control with master-to-slave scaling of 10:1 in position and 40:1 in force have been obtained and are described in [Yan and Salcudean '96].

Completion times and task errors for tasks typical of microsurgery have been obtained using the teleoperation system and direct manipulation [Ku '96]. The problem of microsurgical instrument position tracking for direct manipulation is now being addressed.